// SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0-only OR MIT) /* * Copyright (C) 2025 Amlogic, Inc. All rights reserved */ #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include "c4-isp-common.h" #include "hw/c4-isp-hw.h" #include "hw/c4-isp-regs.h" static const struct c4_isp_cap_format_info raw_formats[] = { /* RAW10 */ { .code = MEDIA_BUS_FMT_SBGGR10_1X10, .fourcc = V4L2_PIX_FMT_SBGGR10, .num_planes = 2, .bpp[0] = 16, .bpp[1] = 16, .hdiv = 1, .vdiv = 1, }, { .code = MEDIA_BUS_FMT_SGBRG10_1X10, .fourcc = V4L2_PIX_FMT_SGBRG10, .num_planes = 2, .bpp[0] = 16, .bpp[1] = 16, .hdiv = 1, .vdiv = 1, }, { .code = MEDIA_BUS_FMT_SGRBG10_1X10, .fourcc = V4L2_PIX_FMT_SGRBG10, .num_planes = 2, .bpp[0] = 16, .bpp[1] = 16, .hdiv = 1, .vdiv = 1, }, { .code = MEDIA_BUS_FMT_SRGGB10_1X10, .fourcc = V4L2_PIX_FMT_SRGGB10, .num_planes = 2, .bpp[0] = 16, .bpp[1] = 16, .hdiv = 1, .vdiv = 1, }, /* RAW12 */ { .code = MEDIA_BUS_FMT_SBGGR12_1X12, .fourcc = V4L2_PIX_FMT_SBGGR12, .num_planes = 2, .bpp[0] = 16, .bpp[1] = 16, .hdiv = 1, .vdiv = 1, }, { .code = MEDIA_BUS_FMT_SGBRG12_1X12, .fourcc = V4L2_PIX_FMT_SGBRG12, .num_planes = 2, .bpp[0] = 16, .bpp[1] = 16, .hdiv = 1, .vdiv = 1, }, { .code = MEDIA_BUS_FMT_SGRBG12_1X12, .fourcc = V4L2_PIX_FMT_SGRBG12, .num_planes = 2, .bpp[0] = 16, .bpp[1] = 16, .hdiv = 1, .vdiv = 1, }, { .code = MEDIA_BUS_FMT_SRGGB12_1X12, .fourcc = V4L2_PIX_FMT_SRGGB12, .num_planes = 2, .bpp[0] = 16, .bpp[1] = 16, .hdiv = 1, .vdiv = 1, }, }; static int c4_isp_raw_dummy_buff_create(struct c4_isp_capture *raw) { struct c4_isp_data_buffer *dummy_buff = &raw->dummy_buff; struct v4l2_pix_format_mplane *pix_mp = &raw->format.pix_mp; if (pix_mp->num_planes == 1) dummy_buff->size = pix_mp->plane_fmt[C4_ISP_PLANE_Y].sizeimage; else dummy_buff->size = MAX(pix_mp->plane_fmt[C4_ISP_PLANE_Y].sizeimage, pix_mp->plane_fmt[C4_ISP_PLANE_UV].sizeimage); /* The driver never access vaddr, no mapping is required */ dummy_buff->vaddr = dma_alloc_attrs(raw->isp->dev, dummy_buff->size, &dummy_buff->dma_addr, GFP_KERNEL, DMA_ATTR_NO_KERNEL_MAPPING); if (!dummy_buff->vaddr) return -ENOMEM; return 0; } static void c4_isp_raw_dummy_buff_destroy(struct c4_isp_capture *raw) { dma_free_attrs(raw->isp->dev, raw->dummy_buff.size, raw->dummy_buff.vaddr, raw->dummy_buff.dma_addr, DMA_ATTR_NO_KERNEL_MAPPING); } static void c4_isp_raw_cfg_wmif_fmt(struct c4_isp_capture *raw) { struct v4l2_pix_format_mplane *pix_mp = &raw->format.pix_mp; const struct c4_isp_cap_format_info *info = raw->format.info; enum c4_isp_image_mode img_mode = raw->isp->core.cfg_info.img_mode; struct c4_isp_pyr_wmif_params wmif; wmif.id = C4_ISP_USER0_WMIF; wmif.chnl = C4_ISP_PYR_WMIF_CHNL_0; wmif.src_hsize = pix_mp->width; wmif.src_vsize = pix_mp->height; wmif.src_bits = info->bpp[0]; wmif.ldf_vsize = 0; wmif.ldf_en = false; c4_isp_febe_cfg_user_wmif_fmt(raw->isp, &wmif); if (img_mode == C4_ISP_IMAGE_HDR) { wmif.id = C4_ISP_USER1_WMIF; wmif.chnl = C4_ISP_PYR_WMIF_CHNL_1; wmif.src_hsize = pix_mp->width; wmif.src_vsize = pix_mp->height; wmif.src_bits = info->bpp[1]; wmif.ldf_vsize = 0; wmif.ldf_en = false; c4_isp_febe_cfg_user_wmif_fmt(raw->isp, &wmif); } } static void c4_isp_raw_cfg_wmif_buff(struct c4_isp_capture *raw) { enum c4_isp_image_mode img_mode = raw->isp->core.cfg_info.img_mode; struct c4_isp_pyr_wmif_params wmif; dma_addr_t vc0_addr; dma_addr_t vc1_addr; if (raw->buff) { vc0_addr = raw->buff->dma_addr[C4_ISP_PLANE_Y]; vc1_addr = raw->buff->dma_addr[C4_ISP_PLANE_UV]; } else { vc0_addr = raw->dummy_buff.dma_addr; vc1_addr = raw->dummy_buff.dma_addr; } wmif.id = C4_ISP_USER0_WMIF; wmif.chnl = C4_ISP_PYR_WMIF_CHNL_0; wmif.addr = vc0_addr; c4_isp_febe_cfg_user_wmif_buff(raw->isp, &wmif); if (img_mode == C4_ISP_IMAGE_HDR) { wmif.id = C4_ISP_USER1_WMIF; wmif.chnl = C4_ISP_PYR_WMIF_CHNL_1; wmif.addr = vc1_addr; c4_isp_febe_cfg_user_wmif_buff(raw->isp, &wmif); } } static void c4_isp_raw_wmif_enable(struct c4_isp_capture *raw, bool enable) { enum c4_isp_image_mode img_mode = raw->isp->core.cfg_info.img_mode; struct c4_isp_pyr_wmif_params wmif; wmif.id = C4_ISP_USER0_WMIF; wmif.chnl = C4_ISP_PYR_WMIF_CHNL_0; wmif.enable = enable ? IDWMIF_CFG_0_EN : IDWMIF_CFG_0_DIS; c4_isp_febe_user_wmif_enable(raw->isp, &wmif); if (img_mode == C4_ISP_IMAGE_HDR) { wmif.id = C4_ISP_USER1_WMIF; wmif.chnl = C4_ISP_PYR_WMIF_CHNL_1; wmif.enable = enable ? IDWMIF_CFG_0_EN : IDWMIF_CFG_0_DIS;; c4_isp_febe_user_wmif_enable(raw->isp, &wmif); } } static void c4_isp_raw_cfg_buff(struct c4_isp_capture *raw) { raw->buff = list_first_entry_or_null(&raw->pending, struct c4_isp_cap_buffer, list); c4_isp_raw_cfg_wmif_buff(raw); if (raw->buff) list_del(&raw->buff->list); } static void c4_isp_raw_start(struct c4_isp_capture *raw) { enum c4_isp_image_mode img_mode = raw->isp->core.cfg_info.img_mode; guard(spinlock_irqsave)(&raw->buff_lock); c4_isp_intf_cfg_inmux_force(raw->isp, 0, true); if (img_mode == C4_ISP_IMAGE_HDR) c4_isp_intf_cfg_inmux_force(raw->isp, 1, true); c4_isp_raw_cfg_wmif_fmt(raw); c4_isp_raw_cfg_buff(raw); c4_isp_raw_wmif_enable(raw, true); } static void c4_isp_raw_stop(struct c4_isp_capture *raw) { enum c4_isp_image_mode img_mode = raw->isp->core.cfg_info.img_mode; c4_isp_intf_cfg_inmux_force(raw->isp, 0, false); if (img_mode == C4_ISP_IMAGE_HDR) c4_isp_intf_cfg_inmux_force(raw->isp, 1, false); c4_isp_raw_wmif_enable(raw, false); } /* V4L2 video operations */ static const struct c4_isp_cap_format_info *c4_raw_find_fmt(u32 fourcc) { for (unsigned int i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(raw_formats); i++) { if (raw_formats[i].fourcc == fourcc) return &raw_formats[i]; } return NULL; } static void c4_raw_try_fmt(struct v4l2_pix_format_mplane *pix_mp) { const struct c4_isp_cap_format_info *fmt; struct v4l2_plane_pix_format *plane; fmt = c4_raw_find_fmt(pix_mp->pixelformat); if (!fmt) fmt = &raw_formats[0]; pix_mp->width = clamp(pix_mp->width, C4_ISP_MIN_WIDTH, C4_ISP_MAX_WIDTH); pix_mp->height = clamp(pix_mp->height, C4_ISP_MIN_HEIGHT, C4_ISP_MAX_HEIGHT); pix_mp->pixelformat = fmt->fourcc; pix_mp->field = V4L2_FIELD_NONE; pix_mp->colorspace = V4L2_COLORSPACE_RAW; pix_mp->ycbcr_enc = V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_601; pix_mp->quantization = V4L2_QUANTIZATION_FULL_RANGE; pix_mp->num_planes = fmt->num_planes; memset(pix_mp->plane_fmt, 0, sizeof(pix_mp->plane_fmt)); for (unsigned int i = 0; i < fmt->num_planes; i++) { unsigned int hdiv = (i == 0) ? 1 : fmt->hdiv; unsigned int vdiv = (i == 0) ? 1 : fmt->vdiv; plane = &pix_mp->plane_fmt[i]; plane->bytesperline = DIV_ROUND_UP(pix_mp->width, hdiv) * fmt->bpp[i] / BITS_PER_BYTE; plane->bytesperline = ALIGN(plane->bytesperline, C4_ISP_WMIF_STRIDE_ALIGN_BYTES); plane->sizeimage = plane->bytesperline * DIV_ROUND_UP(pix_mp->height, vdiv); } } static void c4_isp_raw_return_buffers(struct c4_isp_capture *raw, enum vb2_buffer_state state) { struct c4_isp_cap_buffer *buff; guard(spinlock_irqsave)(&raw->buff_lock); if (raw->buff) { vb2_buffer_done(&raw->buff->vb.vb2_buf, state); raw->buff = NULL; } while (!list_empty(&raw->pending)) { buff = list_first_entry(&raw->pending, struct c4_isp_cap_buffer, list); list_del(&buff->list); vb2_buffer_done(&buff->vb.vb2_buf, state); } } static int c4_isp_raw_querycap(struct file *file, void *fh, struct v4l2_capability *raw) { strscpy(raw->driver, C4_ISP_DRIVER_NAME, sizeof(raw->driver)); strscpy(raw->card, "AML C4 ISP5", sizeof(raw->card)); return 0; } static int c4_isp_raw_enum_fmt(struct file *file, void *fh, struct v4l2_fmtdesc *f) { const struct c4_isp_cap_format_info *fmt; unsigned int index = 0; unsigned int i; if (!f->mbus_code) { if (f->index >= ARRAY_SIZE(raw_formats)) return -EINVAL; fmt = &raw_formats[f->index]; f->pixelformat = fmt->fourcc; f->mbus_code = fmt->code; return 0; } for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(raw_formats); i++) { fmt = &raw_formats[i]; if (f->mbus_code != fmt->code) continue; if (index++ == f->index) { f->pixelformat = raw_formats[i].fourcc; return 0; } } return -EINVAL; } static int c4_isp_raw_g_fmt_mplane(struct file *file, void *fh, struct v4l2_format *f) { struct c4_isp_capture *raw = video_drvdata(file); f->fmt.pix_mp = raw->format.pix_mp; return 0; } static int c4_isp_raw_s_fmt_mplane(struct file *file, void *fh, struct v4l2_format *f) { struct c4_isp_capture *raw = video_drvdata(file); c4_raw_try_fmt(&f->fmt.pix_mp); raw->format.pix_mp = f->fmt.pix_mp; raw->format.info = c4_raw_find_fmt(f->fmt.pix_mp.pixelformat); return 0; } static int c4_isp_raw_try_fmt_mplane(struct file *file, void *fh, struct v4l2_format *f) { c4_raw_try_fmt(&f->fmt.pix_mp); return 0; } static int c4_isp_raw_enum_frmsize(struct file *file, void *fh, struct v4l2_frmsizeenum *fsize) { const struct c4_isp_cap_format_info *fmt; if (fsize->index) return -EINVAL; fmt = c4_raw_find_fmt(fsize->pixel_format); if (!fmt) return -EINVAL; fsize->type = V4L2_FRMSIZE_TYPE_STEPWISE; fsize->stepwise.min_width = C4_ISP_MIN_WIDTH; fsize->stepwise.min_height = C4_ISP_MIN_HEIGHT; fsize->stepwise.max_width = C4_ISP_MAX_WIDTH; fsize->stepwise.max_height = C4_ISP_MAX_HEIGHT; fsize->stepwise.step_width = 2; fsize->stepwise.step_height = 2; return 0; } static const struct v4l2_ioctl_ops isp_raw_v4l2_ioctl_ops = { .vidioc_querycap = c4_isp_raw_querycap, .vidioc_enum_fmt_vid_cap = c4_isp_raw_enum_fmt, .vidioc_g_fmt_vid_cap_mplane = c4_isp_raw_g_fmt_mplane, .vidioc_s_fmt_vid_cap_mplane = c4_isp_raw_s_fmt_mplane, .vidioc_try_fmt_vid_cap_mplane = c4_isp_raw_try_fmt_mplane, .vidioc_reqbufs = vb2_ioctl_reqbufs, .vidioc_querybuf = vb2_ioctl_querybuf, .vidioc_qbuf = vb2_ioctl_qbuf, .vidioc_expbuf = vb2_ioctl_expbuf, .vidioc_dqbuf = vb2_ioctl_dqbuf, .vidioc_prepare_buf = vb2_ioctl_prepare_buf, .vidioc_create_bufs = vb2_ioctl_create_bufs, .vidioc_streamon = vb2_ioctl_streamon, .vidioc_streamoff = vb2_ioctl_streamoff, .vidioc_enum_framesizes = c4_isp_raw_enum_frmsize, .vidioc_subscribe_event = v4l2_ctrl_subscribe_event, .vidioc_unsubscribe_event = v4l2_event_unsubscribe, }; static const struct v4l2_file_operations isp_raw_v4l2_fops = { .open = v4l2_fh_open, .release = vb2_fop_release, .poll = vb2_fop_poll, .unlocked_ioctl = video_ioctl2, .mmap = vb2_fop_mmap, }; static int c4_isp_raw_link_validate(struct media_link *link) { struct video_device *vdev = media_entity_to_video_device(link->sink->entity); struct v4l2_subdev *sd = media_entity_to_v4l2_subdev(link->source->entity); struct c4_isp_capture *raw = video_get_drvdata(vdev); struct v4l2_subdev_format src_fmt = { .which = V4L2_SUBDEV_FORMAT_ACTIVE, .pad = link->source->index, }; int ret; ret = v4l2_subdev_call_state_active(sd, pad, get_fmt, &src_fmt); if (ret) return ret; if (src_fmt.format.width != raw->format.pix_mp.width || src_fmt.format.height != raw->format.pix_mp.height || src_fmt.format.code != raw->format.info->code) { dev_err(raw->isp->dev, "link %s: %u -> %s: %u not valid: 0x%04x/%ux%u not match 0x%04x/%ux%u\n", link->source->entity->name, link->source->index, link->sink->entity->name, link->sink->index, src_fmt.format.code, src_fmt.format.width, src_fmt.format.height, raw->format.info->code, raw->format.pix_mp.width, raw->format.pix_mp.height); return -EPIPE; } return 0; } static const struct media_entity_operations isp_raw_entity_ops = { .link_validate = c4_isp_raw_link_validate, }; static int c4_isp_raw_vb2_queue_setup(struct vb2_queue *q, unsigned int *num_buffers, unsigned int *num_planes, unsigned int sizes[], struct device *alloc_devs[]) { struct c4_isp_capture *raw = vb2_get_drv_priv(q); const struct v4l2_pix_format_mplane *pix_mp = &raw->format.pix_mp; unsigned int i; if (*num_planes) { if (*num_planes != pix_mp->num_planes) return -EINVAL; for (i = 0; i < pix_mp->num_planes; i++) if (sizes[i] < pix_mp->plane_fmt[i].sizeimage) return -EINVAL; return 0; } *num_planes = pix_mp->num_planes; for (i = 0; i < pix_mp->num_planes; i++) sizes[i] = pix_mp->plane_fmt[i].sizeimage; return 0; } static void c4_isp_raw_vb2_buf_queue(struct vb2_buffer *vb) { struct vb2_v4l2_buffer *v4l2_buf = to_vb2_v4l2_buffer(vb); struct c4_isp_cap_buffer *buf = container_of(v4l2_buf, struct c4_isp_cap_buffer, vb); struct c4_isp_capture *raw = vb2_get_drv_priv(vb->vb2_queue); guard(spinlock_irqsave)(&raw->buff_lock); list_add_tail(&buf->list, &raw->pending); } static int c4_isp_raw_vb2_buf_prepare(struct vb2_buffer *vb) { struct c4_isp_capture *raw = vb2_get_drv_priv(vb->vb2_queue); unsigned long size; for (unsigned int i = 0; i < raw->format.pix_mp.num_planes; i++) { size = raw->format.pix_mp.plane_fmt[i].sizeimage; if (vb2_plane_size(vb, i) < size) { dev_err(raw->isp->dev, "User buffer too small (%ld < %lu)\n", vb2_plane_size(vb, i), size); return -EINVAL; } vb2_set_plane_payload(vb, i, size); } return 0; } static int c4_isp_raw_vb2_buf_init(struct vb2_buffer *vb) { struct c4_isp_capture *raw = vb2_get_drv_priv(vb->vb2_queue); struct vb2_v4l2_buffer *v4l2_buf = to_vb2_v4l2_buffer(vb); struct c4_isp_cap_buffer *buf = container_of(v4l2_buf, struct c4_isp_cap_buffer, vb); for (unsigned int i = 0; i < raw->format.pix_mp.num_planes; i++) buf->dma_addr[i] = vb2_dma_contig_plane_dma_addr(vb, i); return 0; } static int c4_isp_raw_vb2_start_streaming(struct vb2_queue *q, unsigned int count) { struct c4_isp_capture *raw = vb2_get_drv_priv(q); int ret; ret = video_device_pipeline_start(&raw->vdev, &raw->isp->sc_pipe); if (ret) { dev_err(raw->isp->dev, "Failed to start raw pipeline: %d\n", ret); goto err_return_buffers; } ret = c4_isp_raw_dummy_buff_create(raw); if (ret) goto err_pipeline_stop; ret = pm_runtime_resume_and_get(raw->isp->dev); if (ret) goto err_dummy_destroy; c4_isp_raw_start(raw); ret = v4l2_subdev_enable_streams(&raw->isp->core.sd, C4_ISP_CORE_PAD_SOURCE_RAW, BIT(0)); if (ret) goto err_pm_put; return 0; err_pm_put: pm_runtime_put(raw->isp->dev); err_dummy_destroy: c4_isp_raw_dummy_buff_destroy(raw); err_pipeline_stop: video_device_pipeline_stop(&raw->vdev); err_return_buffers: c4_isp_raw_return_buffers(raw, VB2_BUF_STATE_QUEUED); return ret; } static void c4_isp_raw_vb2_stop_streaming(struct vb2_queue *q) { struct c4_isp_capture *raw = vb2_get_drv_priv(q); c4_isp_raw_stop(raw); c4_isp_raw_return_buffers(raw, VB2_BUF_STATE_ERROR); v4l2_subdev_disable_streams(&raw->isp->core.sd, C4_ISP_CORE_PAD_SOURCE_RAW, BIT(0)); pm_runtime_put(raw->isp->dev); c4_isp_raw_dummy_buff_destroy(raw); video_device_pipeline_stop(&raw->vdev); } static const struct vb2_ops isp_raw_vb2_ops = { .queue_setup = c4_isp_raw_vb2_queue_setup, .buf_queue = c4_isp_raw_vb2_buf_queue, .buf_prepare = c4_isp_raw_vb2_buf_prepare, .buf_init = c4_isp_raw_vb2_buf_init, .wait_prepare = vb2_ops_wait_prepare, .wait_finish = vb2_ops_wait_finish, .start_streaming = c4_isp_raw_vb2_start_streaming, .stop_streaming = c4_isp_raw_vb2_stop_streaming, }; int c4_isp_raw_register(struct c4_isp_device *isp) { struct c4_isp_capture *raw = &isp->raw; struct video_device *vdev = &raw->vdev; struct vb2_queue *vb2_q = &raw->vb2_q; int ret; raw->id = 0; raw->rsz = NULL; raw->isp = isp; raw->format.pix_mp.width = C4_ISP_DEFAULT_WIDTH; raw->format.pix_mp.height = C4_ISP_DEFAULT_HEIGHT; raw->format.pix_mp.field = V4L2_FIELD_NONE; raw->format.pix_mp.pixelformat = V4L2_PIX_FMT_SRGGB12; raw->format.pix_mp.colorspace = V4L2_COLORSPACE_RAW; raw->format.pix_mp.quantization =V4L2_QUANTIZATION_FULL_RANGE; raw->format.info = c4_raw_find_fmt(raw->format.pix_mp.pixelformat); c4_raw_try_fmt(&raw->format.pix_mp); INIT_LIST_HEAD(&raw->pending); spin_lock_init(&raw->buff_lock); mutex_init(&raw->lock); snprintf(vdev->name, sizeof(vdev->name), "c4-isp-raw"); vdev->fops = &isp_raw_v4l2_fops; vdev->ioctl_ops = &isp_raw_v4l2_ioctl_ops; vdev->v4l2_dev = &raw->isp->v4l2_dev; vdev->entity.ops = &isp_raw_entity_ops; vdev->lock = &raw->lock; vdev->minor = -1; vdev->queue = vb2_q; vdev->release = video_device_release_empty; vdev->device_caps = V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_CAPTURE_MPLANE | V4L2_CAP_STREAMING | V4L2_CAP_IO_MC; vdev->vfl_dir = VFL_DIR_RX; video_set_drvdata(vdev, raw); vb2_q->drv_priv = raw; vb2_q->mem_ops = &vb2_dma_contig_memops; vb2_q->ops = &isp_raw_vb2_ops; vb2_q->type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE_MPLANE; vb2_q->io_modes = VB2_DMABUF | VB2_MMAP; vb2_q->timestamp_flags = V4L2_BUF_FLAG_TIMESTAMP_MONOTONIC; vb2_q->buf_struct_size = sizeof(struct c4_isp_cap_buffer); vb2_q->dev = raw->isp->dev; vb2_q->lock = &raw->lock; ret = vb2_queue_init(vb2_q); if (ret) goto err_destroy; raw->pad.flags = MEDIA_PAD_FL_SINK; ret = media_entity_pads_init(&vdev->entity, 1, &raw->pad); if (ret) goto err_queue_release; ret = video_register_device(vdev, VFL_TYPE_VIDEO, C4_V4L2_VIDEO_BEGIN_NUM); if (ret) { dev_err(raw->isp->dev, "Failed to register %s: %d\n", vdev->name, ret); goto err_entity_cleanup; } return 0; err_entity_cleanup: media_entity_cleanup(&vdev->entity); err_queue_release: vb2_queue_release(vb2_q); err_destroy: mutex_destroy(&raw->lock); return ret; } void c4_isp_raw_unregister(struct c4_isp_device *isp) { struct c4_isp_capture *raw = &isp->raw; vb2_queue_release(&raw->vb2_q); media_entity_cleanup(&raw->vdev.entity); video_unregister_device(&raw->vdev); mutex_destroy(&raw->lock); } void c4_isp_raw_isr(struct c4_isp_device *isp) { struct c4_isp_capture *raw = &isp->raw; struct c4_isp_cap_buffer *buff = raw->buff; if (!raw->vb2_q.streaming) return; guard(spinlock_irqsave)(&raw->buff_lock); if (buff) { buff->vb.sequence = raw->isp->be_frm_seq; buff->vb.vb2_buf.timestamp = ktime_get(); buff->vb.field = V4L2_FIELD_NONE; vb2_buffer_done(&buff->vb.vb2_buf, VB2_BUF_STATE_DONE); } c4_isp_raw_cfg_buff(raw); }